Changing Fonts in Text Mode

LaTeX has numerous commands for changing the typestyle. The most useful of these is \emph{text} which emphasizes some piece of text, setting it usually in an italic font (unless the surrounding text is already italicized). Thus for example, the text

The basic results and techniques of \emph{Calculus}
were discovered and developed by \emph{Newton}
and \emph{Leibniz}, though many of the basic ideas
can be traced to earlier work of \emph{Cavalieri},
\emph{Fermat}, \emph{Barrow} and others.

Another useful font-changing command is \textbf{text}, which typesets the specified portion of text in boldface.

A font family or typeface in LaTeX consists of a collection of related fonts characterized by size, shape and series. The font families available in LaTeX include roman, sans serif and typewriter:

The sizes of fonts used in LaTeX are can be determined and changed by means of the control sequences \tiny, \scriptsize, \footnotesize, \small, \normalsize, \large, \Large, \LARGE, \huge and \HUGE:

The shape of a font can be upright, italic, slanted or small caps:

The series of a font can be medium (the default) or boldface:

There are in LaTeX font declarations corresponding to the the font-changing commands described above. When included in the LaTeX input such declarations determine the type-style of the subsequent text (till the next font declaration or the end of the current `group' delimited by braces or by appropriate \begin and \end commands). Here is a list of font-changing commands and declarations in text mode:

Command   Declaration

\textrm   \rmfamily   Roman family
\textsf   \sffamily   Sans serif family
\texttt   \ttfamily   Typewriter family

\textup   \upshape    Upright shape
\textit   \itshape    Italic shape
\textsl   \slshape    Slanted shape
\textsc   \scshape    Small caps shape

\textmd   \mdseries   Medium series
\textbf   \bfseries   Boldface series