Lesson 3

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  1. Vocabulary

  2. Grammar

  3. Texts

  4. Excercise

    Kinsale, Co. Cork. (Peter Zoller)

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Vocabulary

SINGULAR			PLURAL			ENGLISH

airgead (45K) money, silver am amanna time , pl. sometimes anam anamnacha soul athair athaireacha father bád báid boat balla ballaí wall bóthar bóithrí road cailín cailíní girl feilméara feilméaraí farmer fuinneoig fuinneoga window garraí garranta field, garden geata geataí gate leabhar leabhartha book mac mic son map mapaí map muintir (2K) near relations, inhabitants páipéar (15K) Páipéir paper, newspaper peictiúr peictiúir picture seomra seomraí room tarbh toirbh bull uncail uncaileacha uncle Bairbre (30K) woman's name Ciarraí Kerry (place name) Diarmaid man's name Donncha man's name Fionnasclainn place name Gaoth Sáile place name Glinsce place name Máire woman's name Meireacá America O Bia surname Páidín man's name Peige woman's name Sasanna England Seáinín man's name Séaimaisín man's name Tír an Fhia place-name Tomáisín man's name feicim (7K) I see cá bhfuil Where is ? go leor plenty of, enough (before or after noun) ar chor ar bith at all Vocabulary Note : All plural forms of more than one syllable ending in -cha -nna -nta -óga are pronounced as though spelt -chaí, -nnaí -ntaí, ogaí, e.g. athaireacha, amanna, fuinneoga.


Grammar

  1. LENITION

    cóta Cháit			Cáit's coat
    muintir Chiarraí		the people of Kerry
    

    When a proper noun (i.e. names of people or places, but not of languages) follows directly, in genitive relation, on another noun, its initial consonant changes, e.g. c becomes ch.

    This table shows how the consonants affected by this change called 'lenition' are replaced by a related sound:

    c		Cáit			muintir Cháit
    		Ciarraí			muintir Chiarraí
    
    p		Páidín			muintir Pháidíin
    		Peige			muintir Pheige
    
    g		Gaoth S´ile	muintir Ghaoth Sáile
    		Glinsce			muintir Ghlinsce
    
    d		Donncha			muintir Dhonncha
    		Diarmaid		muintir Dhiarmaid
    
    b		Bairbre			muintir Bhairbre
    		Bríd			muintir Bhríd
    
    m		Máire			muintir Mháire
    		Meireacá		muintir Mheireacá
    
    f		Fionnasclainn		muintir Fhionnasclainn
    
    t		Tomáisín		muintir Thomáisín
    		Tír an Fhia		muintir Thír an Fhia
    
    s		Sasana			muintir Shasana 
    		Séamaisín		muintir Shéamaisín
    		Seáinín			muintir Sheáinín
    

    (s when followed by any consonant, except l,n,r, is not affected.)

    Lenition is shown in spelling by writing an h.

  2. LENITION IN PERSONAL NAMES

    Often in rural areas where Irish is spoken, a person whose 'official' name is for example Máirtín O Bia and whose father (or some other important relation) is Seáinín, may be known as Máirtín Sheáinín (Máirtín of Seáinín, or Seáinín's Máirtín).


TEXTS


Excercises

Translate :

  1. There is a picture, a paper, a book and tables here.
  2. Páidín's boat is there and there is a map here.
  3. Neither the people of America nor the people of England are satisfied now.
  4. Donncha's girl and Peige's husband are there.
  5. The farmers of Kerry are not pleased and the farmers of Conamara are not content either.
  6. Seáinín's field is there and Seáinín's bull is there too. Diarmaid's house is here.
  7. Tomáisín's people are pleased.
  8. There are plenty of rooms here. Bairbre's uncle's room is also here.
  9. Where is the Gaoth Sáile road ?
  10. There aren't many (news)papers here at all, but there are other books.

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